On the Life of Galileo

This book is a major scholarly achievement and represents the first collection and translation into English of the earliest biographical accounts of Galileo's life ranging from 1633 to 1702 with a major focus on one of his last pupils, Vincenzo Viviani (1622-1703). The thorough 75-page introduction initiates the reader into the various accounts, the longest of which runs to 95 pages. The original Italian is on the left, with the English translation on the right. Issues of power in relation to the Church recur in every contribution, especially with respect to his various publications including The Sidereal Messenger and his Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems which finally came out in 1632 - Viviani tries to present his life diplomatically rather than fostering the myth that later became influential, pointing out that he was showing 'a more certain way to truth.'

It is exciting to read first hand descriptions of Galileo's key experiments and inventions, such as the telescope and microscope and his discovery of the phases of Venus, sunspots, the uneven surface of the moon and the nature of the Milky Way as nebulae. Publication of his observations of moons of Jupiter initially provoked accusations of unreliable observation and illusions generated by the lenses, but confirmations by others prevailed in spite of fear of outraging Aristotle, which meant that some professors refused to look through the glass. This Galileo regarded as being disloyal to nature. Viviani remarks that these people 'violated the philosopher's duty not to regard his own statements is true and infallible without further examination.' On a personal note, Viviani explains Galileo's good nature and wit as well as his capacity for painting and playing the lute. He also enjoyed gardening and, interestingly, knew by heart many Latin authors such as Virgil, Ovid, Horace, Seneca and Petrarch. The book gives readers many fascinating key insights into Galileo's life, work and character.